Defining Abnormal Foot Pronation - Treadmill Analysis

The definition of abnormal foot pronation does not refer to the amount of pronation.  Abnormal foot pronation refers to the timing of pronation.  That is, the foot is pronating when it should be supinating.  To the left is a 4 frame video of the left foot during stance phase.  Note that at mid-stance (Frame 2- red arrow) the left foot pronates and continues to abnormally pronates (Frame 3 - red arrow) until heel off (Frame 4 - black arrow).  This is occurring when the ipsilateral (same side) hip is externally rotating. 

  Abnormal Pronation defined as any foot pronation that occurs when the ipsilateral (same side) hip is externally rotating (Rothbart and Esterbrook 1988 Journal Physiological Therapeutic Manipulation).
 
  Normal Pronation



Abnormal Pronation Left Foot is occurring in Frames 2 - 3